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CatOnium
phase transfer catalysts (PTC), which are salts of onium ions
are widely used in the production of monomers, polymers, agrochemicals,
pharmaceuticals, dyes, flavors, fragrances, explosives, surfactants,
petrochemicals, rubber, and wide variety of other commodity, specialty
and fine organic chemicals., as well as in pollution prevention,
pollution treatment and the removal or destruction of impurities in
waste and product streams.
Typical reactions where CatOnium
PTC’s are employed as catalysts include,
etherification, esterification, transesterification, N-alkylation,
C-alkylation, S-alkylation, mercaptan reactions, dehydrohalogenation,
Michael addition, aldol condensation, oxidation, epoxidation,
chloromethylation, hydrohalogenation, hydrogenation, borohydride
reduction, darzens condensation, carbene reactions, polymerization,
polymer modification, displacements using: cyanide, fluoride, bromide,
iodide, azide, thiocyanate, sulfide, other inorganic nucleophiles,
benzyl chloride, allyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, methanesulfonyl
chloride, epichlorohydrin, PCl3, POCl3 other alkyl halides, acyl
halides, sulfonyl halides, phosphoro halides and anhydrides
To meet the requirements of our customers we supply more
than 100 different PTC’s. The most common phase transfer
catalysts are quaternary ammonium salts containing either alkyl or
mixed alkyl/aryl groups. Their applicability is restricted by the
thermal stability which is limited to about 1000C. We supply broad
range of quaternary ammonium halides, with F-, Cl-, Br- and I- as
counter anions, and limited number of quaternary hydroxyl ammonium
compounds, with an OH- group as counter anion. Phosphonium salts are
used in the cases in which the use of ammonium compounds because of
their thermal instability is not suitable. The thermal stability of the
quaternary phosphonium salts is quite good in a range between
120-1500C, with indications that they can be also use at temperatures
up to 2000C. The last group of PTC’s in our program includes
a range of quaternary pyridinium salts that are very effective at high
temperatures.
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